TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION1
1.1 AIM OF THESTUDY2
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THESTUDY2
1.3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 STRESS4
2.1.1 TYPES OF STRESSORS5
2.1.2 EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM6
2.2 THE MAMALIAN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2.2.1 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS IN MAN7
2.2.1.1 OVARIES7
2.2.1.2 FALLOPIAN TUBES7
2.2.1.3 UTERUS 7
2.2.1.4 VAGINA7
2.2.2 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN RATS8
2.2.2.1 ESTROUS CYCLE9
2.2.2.2 ESTROUS CYCLE PHASES9
2.2.2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE ESTROUS CYCLE10
2.2.2.4 MATING AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR 11
2.2.2.5 PREGNANCY DETECTION 11
2.2.2.6 FERTILIZATION AND EARLY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT 11
2.2.2.7 EMBRYO IMPLANTATION12
2.2.2.8 GESTATION, PARTURITION AND WEANING13
2.2.3 HORMONAL CONTROL OF PREGNANCY IN RATS 14
2.2.3.1 HORMONAL CHANGES15
2.3 SLEEP DEPRIVATION
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION19
2.3.2 SLEEP LOSS AND ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY21
2.3.3 SLEEP LOSS AND METABOLISM22
2.3.4 SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND ADVERSE MATERNAL AND FOETAL OUTCOMES24
2.3.5 MECHANISMS26
2.4 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PREGNANCY27
2.4.1 ANTIOXIDANTS29
2.4.2 REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS 29
2.4.3 OXIDATIVE STRESS IN FEMALE REPRODUCTION32
2.4.4 OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PREGNANCY33
2.5 OXIDATIVE STRESS ANDINFLAMMATION33
2.5.1 C-REACTIVE PROTEIN36
2.6 GLUTATHIONE(GSH)37
2.6.1 D-RIBOSE L-CYSTEINE41
2.6.2 EFFECTS OF D-RIBOSE L-CYSTEINE ON GSH LEVEL42
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 MATERIALS43
3.2 ANIMALS
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